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From the Publisher
The word engineering is derived from the Latin word ingeniare,
which refers to invention and design. The earliest use of the word engineer comes from the ancient Romans and was used to describe people who made machines of war. Today, engineering encompasses a field that’s enormously diverse in scope.
Lab 4: Tie-Dyed Fidget Spinners
Protocol:
1. Use a sharp point to remove the cover from one of the bearings so that you can see the ball bearings inside (fig 1).
2. Draw a 6X6cm square with an X through it and put one of the bearings in the middle, or create a triangle that allows you to center one bearing. Place the other 3 bearings around the one in the middle so that they're evenly spaced. Use a ruler to check spacing (fig 2).
3. Add a single drop of super glue to the junction between each bearing to connect them. If you add too much, the spinner will stick to the paper. *Be careful not to get any glue onto the moving parts of the bearings.
4. When the glue is dry, carefully turn the spinner over and place another drop of glue at each junction.
5. When the glue is dry, prop the spinner up on its side and add glue to the junctions on the sides. Repeat on each side.
6. While the spinner glue is drying, make dots of permanent marker on the shoelace (fig 3).
7. In a well-ventilated area, suspend the shoelace over a tray or colander and drip rubbing alcohol onto it to make the colors run together. Let it dry completely.
8. Use the glue gun to attach the shoelace to the outside edges of the spinner. Fill in gaps between the lace and bearings with hot glue (fig 4).
9. Spin away!
The steam behind the fun:
To create lasting beautiful marbled designs, you have to float paint on top of another liquid, create a design on it and then get the paint to stick to a piece of paper or fabric.
Carrageenans are large, long chain-like molecules extracted from edible red seaweeds. Their size and flexibility gives them a special ability to form gel-like substances. Carrageenans are often used to thicken dairy
products, like yogurt, but in this lab we use them to thicken water so that paint will float on top of it.
Alum is a special chemical called a mordant. Mordants are good at combining with other chemicals so that they get stuck and can’t move around much. Alum is often used in dying textiles, like the cloth used to make clothes, but other mordants can be used to stain other things, like bacterial cells.
In this project, the alum on the paper acts as a mordant by combining with the paint and making it stick to the paper.
You’ll need:
- 4 Skateboard bearings (available online or at skateboard stores)
- Superglue or Krazy Glue
- A white shoelace
- Permanent markers, like Sharpies
- Rubbing alcohol (isopropanol)
- A glue gun
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Fig. 1: Remove the cover of the center bearing. |
Fig. 2: Center the bearings and superglue. |
Fig. 3: Drip alcohol onto marker dots on shoelace. |
Fig. 4: Use a glue gun to attach the shoelace. |
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