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IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 4 | Issue 11 | May 2018 ISSN (online): 2349-784X An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Ankur Yadav M. Tech Student Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Rama University, Kanpur, India Satish Parihar Head of Department Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Rama University, Kanpur, India Abstract This paper deals with the experimental study for M25 grade of concrete having mix proportion 1:1:2 with water cement ratio 0.44 to study the compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibers of 0%, 0.45%, 0.95%, 1.45%, and 1.95% volume fraction of hook end steel fibers were used. Result data obtained has been studied, analyzed and compared with a control specimen (0% fiber). A relationship between compressive strength vs days represented with the help of tables and graphs. Result data clearly shows percentage increase in compressive strength for M25 grade of concrete in 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days with respect to the variation in % addition of steel fibers. This research is based on the use of steel fibers in structural concrete to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. The purpose of the study is to determine and compare the differences in properties of concrete without containing fibers and concrete with fibers. Keywords: Steel Fibers, Fiber reinforced concrete, Cement, Ductility, Strength, Toughness ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION After water concrete is second most commonly used material on earth or we can say concrete is most commonly used construction material on earth. Concrete is a brittle material when subjected to normal stresses and impact loads. When concrete is added with steel reinforcement it significantly increases the strength of concrete but due to its brittle behavior it is weak in tension and crack propagation is a phenomenon which occurs in concrete. To avoid these cracks and to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete (such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength), different type fibers like steel, glass, synthetic or natural are added to it. The strength and durability of concrete can be enhanced by making some appropriate changes in the mixture by adding some special ingredients. But concrete have some very common deficiencies like low ductility, low post cracking capacity, low tensile strength, low impact strength, limited fatigue life. Steel fibers are most reliable type of fiber because they can be used for a long term in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. When steel fibers are added to concrete, it became Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Steel fiber reinforced concrete can be used in structures such as housing, flooring, precast tunneling, taxi ways, heavy duty pavements, etc because it is highly stress resistance and easily castable or sprayable. II. RAW MATERIALS The materials which are used in this experimental study are cement, sand, aggregate, water, steel fibers, etc. Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade conforming to IS:8112-1989 was used in this experiment. Fine Aggregate: Locally available sand zone II with specific gravity 2.45, water absorption2% and fineness modulus 2.92, confirming to IS:3831970 was used. Coarse Aggregate: Crushed stone of 20 mm size having specific gravity 2.76 confirming to IS:393-1970. Water: Potable Water was used in this experiment. Steel fibers: The properties of steel fibers which is used in experiment are as follows All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 101 An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (IJSTE/ Volume 4 / Issue 11 / 019) S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Table - 1 Property Values Diameter 0.75 mm Length of fiber 60 mm Appearance Bright in clean wire Average aspect ratio 80 Deformation Hooked at both ends Tensile strength 1050 MPa Modulus of elasticity 200 MPa Specific gravity 7.8 III. METHODOLOGY Concrete for M25 grade were prepared as per IS: 10262:2009. A mix proportion of 1:1:2 with 0.44 water cement ratio to get a characteristic strength of M25 grade was considered for this experiment. As with any other type of concrete, the mix proportion for SFRC depend upon the requirements for a particular job or experiment, in terms of strength, workability and duration. Steel fiber reinforced concrete mixes contains higher cement content and fine aggregate than do ordinary concretes. In this experiment we have added 0.45%, 0.95%, 1.45% and 1.95% hook end steel fibers. Fig. 1: Hook end steel fibers Test conducted on Wet Concrete: Slump Test The slump test result is a measure of the behaviour of a complicated inverted cone of concrete under the action of gravity. It measures the consistency or the wetness of the concrete. The mould for the concrete slump test is a frustum of cone, 300 mm of height. The base is 200 mm in diameter and it has a smaller opening at the top of 100 mm. The base is placed on a smooth surface and a container is filled with concrete in three layers, whose workability is to be tested. Each layer is tempted 25 times with a standard 16 mm diameter steel rod, rounded at the end. When the mould is completely filled with concrete, the top surface is struck off (levelled with mould top opening) by means of screening and rolling motion of the temping rod. The cone is slowly and carefully lifted vertically, on unsupported concrete will now slump. The decrease is the height of the centre of the slumped concrete is called slump. The decrease height of concrete to that of mould is noted with scale (usually measured to the nearest 5 mm). There are three types of slump:  Collapse slump: When the concrete collapses completely.  Shear slump: When the top portion of the concrete shears off and slips sideways.  True slump: When concrete simply subsides, keeping more or less to shape. Fig. 2: Variation in slump of concrete with respect to % of fiber content All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 102 An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (IJSTE/ Volume 4 / Issue 11 / 019) Fig. 3: Types of slump Test conducted on Hardened Concrete: Compressive Strength Test The compression test were conducted on cube specimens cured for 24 hours 7, 14 & 28 days. The test cubes were removed from the moist storage 24 hours before testing. The top and bottom bearing plates of the compression testing machine were wiped and cleaned before the placement of the specimen. Cube moulds of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm were casted and allowed for curing in a curing tank for 28 days and they were tested at 24 hours,7 days, 14 days and 28 days. These cubes were tested on compression testing machine as per I.S. 516-1959. The compressive strength was calculated as follows: Compressive strength (MPa) = Failure load / cross sectional area. IV. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The compressive strength of specimens is as follows: Fiber Content 0% 0.45% 0.95% 1.45% 1.95% Strength after 24 Hours (N/mm2) 9.50 10.86 11.84 15.34 14.00 Strength after 7 Days (N/mm2) 18.53 20.89 23.12 24.56 25.78 Strength after 14 Days (N/mm2) 20.46 26.94 31.79 32.45 34.32 Strength after 28 days (N/mm2) 26.73 36.99 37.55 38.11 39.66 Above data was studied and analyzed then it is found that the compressive strength of concrete is increasing with respect to the increment in fiber content. The increase in compressive strength is also represented graphically. Graph 1. Increment in compressive strength of concrete V. CONCLUSION 1) While testing the specimen, the plain cement concrete specimens have shown a typical crack propagation pattern but when SFRC specimen were tested, cracks gets ceased which results into the ductile behaviour of SFRC. 2) It is found that workability of concrete gets reduced with the increase in steel fiber content. All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 103 An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (IJSTE/ Volume 4 / Issue 11 / 019) 3) Compressive strength of concrete goes on increasing with the increment of steel fiber content. 4) This experimental study helps to know the properties and behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). 5) It is observed that SFRC can be used to increase ultimate strength, durability because the satisfactory improvement in strength is observed with the inclusion of steel fibers but the gain in strength is found to depend upon the amount of fiber content. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all the scholars whose articles are cited and form that a valuable help received for completing this review paper. The authors are also grateful to authors, editors and publisher of those journals are articles from where the literature for this articles has been reviewed and discussed. 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